pretzel
1856, from Ger. Prezel, also Brezel, from O.H.G. brezitella, from M.L. *brachitellum, presumably a kind of biscuit baked in the shape of folded arms (cf. It. bracciatella, O.Prov. brassadel), dim. of L. bracchiatus “with branches, with arms,” from L. bracchium “arm” (see brace).
brace (n.)
1313, “armor for the arms,” from O.Fr. brace “arms,” also “length measured by two arms,” from L. bracchia pl. of brachium “an arm,” from Gk. brakhion “arm, upper arm,” from brakhys “short,” in contrast to the longer forearm. Applied to various devices for fastening, tightening, on notion of clasping arms. The verb “to render firm or steady by tensing” is c.1440, with figurative extension to tonics, etc. that “brace” the nerves (cf. bracer “stiff drink,” 1740).
heart
O.E. heorte, from P.Gmc. *khertan- (cf. O.S. herta, O.N. hjarta, Du. hart, O.H.G. herza, Ger. Herz, Goth. hairto), from PIE *kerd- “heart” (cf. Gk. kardia, L. cor, O.Ir. cride, Welsh craidd, Hittite kir, Lith. širdis, Rus. serdce “heart,” Breton kreiz “middle,” O.C.S. sreda “middle”). Spelling with -ea- is c.1500, by analogy of pronunciation with stream, heat, etc., but remained when pronunciation shifted. Most of the figurative senses were present in O.E., including “intellect, memory,” now only in by heart. Hearty is c.1380; heart-rending is from 1687. Heartache was in O.E. in the sense of a physical pain, 1602 in sense of “anguish of mind;” heartburn is c.1250. Broken-hearted is attested from 1526. Heart-strings (1483) was originally literal, in old anatomy theory “the tendons and nerves that brace the heart.” Heartless (c.1330) originally was used with a meaning “dejected;” sense of “callous, cruel” is not certainly attested before Shelley used it so in 1816. Heartland first recorded 1904 in geo-political writings of H.J. MacKinder.
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